Abstract
Ole e 1 protein is involved in olive fertilization mechanisms controlling pollen tube development. Similarly to the process by which pollen grains hydrated and form a pollen tube upon arrival at the female gametophyte, when pollen grains fall on the nasal mucosa the expression of Ole e 1 protein induce allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. The research was conducted in Ourense (North-western Spain), during the 2009–2018 period. Ole e 1 protein was collected using a Cyclone Sampler and processed with the ELISA methodology. Airborne Olea pollen were monitored using a Hirst type volumetric sampler. Allergy risk episodes identified by pollen concentrations were detected in five of the 10 studied years, all with moderate risk. Actual risk episodes of allergy increased when the combination of pollen and Ole e 1 concentrations were considered. Moderate risk episodes were detected during 9 years and high-risk episodes during 3 years. In addition, some years of low annual pollen concentrations recorded high total amounts of Ole e 1. During the years with lower pollen production, the tree increases the synthesis of Ole e 1 to ensure proper pollen tube elongation in order to complete a successful fertilization. This fact could justify higher sensitization rates in years in which a lower pollen production is expected. The present method contributes to the determination of the real exposure to Ole e 1 allergen evaluating the role of this protein as an aeroallergen for sensitized population. The allergen content in the atmosphere should be considered to enhance the prevention of pollinosis clinical symptomatology and the reduction of medicine consumption.
Highlights
The most important plant ecological event is reproduction, whose features follow different strategies to ensure a successful fertilization and the formation of new seeds to perpetuate the species
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a protein involved in the olive fertilisation mechanisms controlling pollen tube development, such as Ole e 1, could be detected in the atmosphere acting as an important aeroallergen for sensitized people
Ole e 1 allergens belong to the extensin family protein (Hu et al, 2014) and their biological function is related with pollen tube emergence, signalling and guidance, and pollenstigma and pollen tube-style cells recognition processes (Rodrıǵ uez-Garcıá et al, 2003; Alché et al, 2004)
Summary
The most important plant ecological event is reproduction, whose features follow different strategies to ensure a successful fertilization and the formation of new seeds to perpetuate the species. The pollen tube plays a fundamental role in sexual processes facilitating the displacement of the sperm cells through the style and ovary tissues to the ovule for fertilization (Mascarenhas, 1993). During this physiological phenomena, the expression of several proteins with different functions and Secondary Ole e 1 Outcomes signalling mechanisms is involved (Aloisi et al, 2017; JimenezQuesada et al, 2019). The importance of the Ole e 1 protein is highlighted in the case of olive sexual fertilization (Alché et al, 1999) This protein is produced in gametophytic and sporophytic tissues during the ontogeny of the Oleaceae family pollen grains (Alché et al, 2004; Rodrıǵ uez-Rajo et al, 2010). At the mature stage of pollen grains, the protein is located in the pollen ectexine and the cytoplasm, as the synthesis of Ole e 1 occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum where the protein is stored (Rodrıǵ uez-Garcıá et al, 1995; Alché et al, 2004)
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