Abstract
The genus Neofusicoccum is comprised of approximately 50 species with a worldwide distribution and is typically associated with plants. Neofusicoccum is well-known for the diseases it causes on economically and ecologically relevant host plants. In particular, members of this genus are responsible for grapevine diseases, such as leaf spots, fruit rots, shoot dieback, bud necrosis, vascular discoloration of the wood, and perennial cankers. Many secondary metabolites, including (−)-botryoisocoumarin A, botryosphaerones, cyclobotryoxide and isosclerone, were identified from species of Neofusicoccum and their structural variability and bioactivities might be associated with the role of these compounds in the fungal pathogenicity and virulence. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites from Neofusicoccum species focusing on the role of these compounds in the interaction between the fungus and host plant.
Highlights
The genus Neofusicoccum (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales, Botryosphaeriaceae) was introduced in 2006 to reassign species that were previously included in the genusFusicoccum and its sexual morph Botryosphaeria [1]
Fungi from the genus Neofusicoccum are a promising source of secondary metabolites which can be classified according to their chemical structures
(3S,4S)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone (44) [17], a phytopathogenic strain of N. parvum isolated from declining vines in Sicily (Italy) which produced botryosphaerones A (35) and D (38), isosclerone (39), and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-1tetralone (42) [19] and a strain of N. parvum obtained from a cankered branch of grapevine growing in Catalogna (Spain) which produced 39 representing the first detection of this compound as a product of botryosphaeriaceous fungi [20]
Summary
The genus Neofusicoccum (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales, Botryosphaeriaceae) was introduced in 2006 to reassign species that were previously included in the genus. Species in the genus Neofusicoccum are typically associated with plants, being common in a wide range of woody hosts, from forest trees to crops and ornamentals [4,5]. The majority of these species have a worldwide distribution, a plurivorous nature, and exhibit an endophytic or latent pathogen lifestyle. Grapevine is a relevant crop worldwide, and several species of Neofusicoccum have been reported to be pathogens of this host. A final section includes information on the relevance of phytotoxic secondary metabolites produced by Neofusicoccum species associated to grapevine trunk diseases
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