Abstract
Actinomycetes are regarded as important sources for the generation of various bioactive secondary metabolites with rich chemical and bioactive diversities. Amycolatopsis falls under the rare actinomycete genus with the potential to produce antibiotics. In this review, all literatures were searched in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed up to March 2021. The keywords used in the search strategy were “Amycolatopsis”, “secondary metabolite”, “new or novel compound”, “bioactivity”, “biosynthetic pathway” and “derivatives”. The objective in this review is to summarize the chemical structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites from the genus Amycolatopsis. A total of 159 compounds derived from 8 known and 18 unidentified species are summarized in this paper. These secondary metabolites are mainly categorized into polyphenols, linear polyketides, macrolides, macrolactams, thiazolyl peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides, amide and amino derivatives, glycoside derivatives, enediyne derivatives and sesquiterpenes. Meanwhile, they mainly showed unique antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and enzyme inhibition activities. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of several potent bioactive compounds and derivatives are included and the prospect of the chemical substances obtained from Amycolatopsis is also discussed to provide ideas for their implementation in the field of therapeutics and drug discovery.
Highlights
The genus Amycolatopsis is regarded as an important source of diverse valuable bioactive natural products covering many antibiotics [3]
The strain Amycolatopsis orientalis ATCC 43,491 was found to be the producer of vancomycin, which possessed genetic loci to produce over 10 secondary metabolites apart from vancomycin
It showed a potent effect on resisting the Gram-positive strains of E. faecium, S. aureus, S. pneumonia, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, together with a variety of drug-resistant microorganisms
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The genus Amycolatopsis is regarded as an important source of diverse valuable bioactive natural products covering many antibiotics [3]. The most notable antibiotics produced by Amycolatopsis strains include rifamycin [4] and vancomycin [5]. The genes of RifZ and RifQ were crucial regulatory factors of rifamycin biosynthesis. The understanding of metabolite biosynthesis is helpful to the rational operation of biosynthetic pathways, so as to achieve the goal of producing new natural antibiotics. We describe a detailed summary about the chemical structures and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Amycolatopsis reported during 1990–2020 by searching in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of several potent bioactive compounds and the derivatives of secondary metabolites via chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis and biosynthesis are described in this paper
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