Abstract
Fungi can synthesize a wealth of secondary metabolites, which are widely used in the exploration of lead compounds of pharmaceutical or agricultural importance. Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Cordyceps are the most extensively studied fungi in which a large number of biologically active metabolites have been identified. However, relatively little attention has been paid to Purpureocillium lilacinum. P. lilacinum are soil-habituated fungi that are widely distributed in nature and are very important biocontrol fungi in agriculture, providing good biological control of plant parasitic nematodes and having a significant effect on Aphidoidea, Tetranychus cinnbarinus, and Aleyrodidae. At the same time, it produces secondary metabolites with various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the secondary metabolites of P. lilacinum, with emphasis on the chemical diversity and biological activity of these secondary metabolites and the biosynthetic pathways, and gives new insight into the secondary metabolites of medical and entomogenous fungi, which is expected to provide a reference for the development of medicine and agrochemicals in the future.
Highlights
The genus Purpureocillium in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family was structured by Luangsa-Ard et al In 2011, based on the medical importance, the Purpureocillium lilacinum was designated as the type species of the Paecilomyces genus [1]
This species was nominated as Penicillium lilacinum by Thom in 1901, and it was revised as Paecilomyces lilacinus by Samson in 1974 [2]
In the process of infection, P. lilacinum secretes a variety of enzymes, such as serine protease and chitinase, which can lead to the degradation of protein and chitin components of the nematode epidermis, which is conducive to the invasion of fungi and destruction of cell components
Summary
The genus Purpureocillium in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family was structured by Luangsa-Ard et al In 2011, based on the medical importance, the Purpureocillium lilacinum was designated as the type species of the Paecilomyces genus [1]. It has a wide pH tolerance and can grow on a variety of substrates [9] This fungus has promising potential as a biocontrol agent to control crops‘ root-knot nematodes [10,11]. Fungi are important organisms that produce active secondary metabolites. In this paper, according to the published research reports in recent years, we have sorted out the secondary metabolites of P. lilacinum and described the sources, chemical structures, and bioactivities of the reported compounds with particular emphasis on their potential use as drug lead compounds and general biosynthesis pathways. We provide a reference for the follow-up study and ensure more secure and efficient use of fungal products
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