Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time—from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin–cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 18 million people died worldwide in 2017 due to cardiovascular disorders
A single layer of flat endothelial cells covers the inner surface of a vessel, which is in direct contact with the blood
Various compounds affecting either Ca2+ influx across the plasmatic membrane via Ca2+ channels or its release or re-uptake from or to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR Ca2+ channel opener ryanodine or SR Ca2+–ATPase blockers cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin) can be used in studies focusing on the changes of cytosolic Ca2+ availability and its impact on vascular tone [33]
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 18 million people died worldwide in 2017 due to cardiovascular disorders. Numerous experimental and clinical studies are, focused on the cardiovascular system under both physiological and pathological conditions. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and vessels of various types. Three layers form a typical vessel: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The thickness ratio of a vessel wall depends on the functional requirements of that particular part of circulation system. Endothelial cells are a standard part of the tunica intima in any vessel
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
