Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Chemotheraphy is one of the most common methods used for the pharmacological treatment of this cancer patients. Nevertheless, the adverse effect of chemotherapy is not optimized for improving the quality of life of people who are older, who are the most vulnerable subpopulation. This review presents recent updates regarding secondary metabolites derived from marine fungi and actinobacteria as novel alternatives for cytotoxic agents against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, HCT15, RKO, Caco-2, and SW480. The observed marine-derived fungi were from the species Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Neosartorya sp., Dichotomomyces sp., Paradendryphiella sp., and Westerdykella sp. Additionally, Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. are actinobacteria discussed in this study. Seventy one compounds reviewed in this study were grouped on the basis of their chemical structures. Indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines made up most compounds with higher potencies when compared with other groups. The potency of indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines was most probably due to halogen-based functional groups and sulfide groups, respectively.
Highlights
As the third deadliest cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth type of cancer most diagnosed in the world
There are 71 secondary metabolites isolated from marine fungi and actinobacteria reviewed in this study, which are summarized as around 44 and 27 metabolites, respectively
The fungi are represented by genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Neosartorya sp., Dichotomomyces sp., Paradendryphiella sp., and Westerdykella sp
Summary
As the third deadliest cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth type of cancer most diagnosed in the world. The exploration of novel anticancer agents against CRCs derived from marine microbiology has attracted much attention Marine microbes such as fungi, algae, bacteria, and plankton make up to 98% of the biomass within the world’s seas [13]. In contrast with the oversaturation of API discovery from terrestrial-based microorganisms, marine microorganisms still remain limited in exploration and offer high potency to obtain novel active compounds. Some marine compounds from fungi and actinobacteria show significant activity against CRC cell lines. The research and development on drug discovery based on marine microbes, including for active compounds against CRC, offer a huge potency because these microorganisms could be cultivated as well as modified for large-scale production.
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