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https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(96)81101-5
Copy DOIJournal: Cryogenics | Publication Date: May 1, 1996 |
Citations: 13 |
Existence of steady large-scale streaming within basic pulse tube refrigerators was shown analytically. The steady component of the second-order axial velocity and the axial streaming velocity were obtained from the first-order solutions of continuity, momentum and energy equations, assuming that the amplitude of the piston motion is small. The axial temperature gradient of the wall was considered in the analysis. The flow direction of the streaming was consistent with previous experimental observations. The effects of the axial temperature gradient on secondary flow was shown.
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