Abstract
Examples are given of conicoids which satisfy the secondary object-image relation for refraction at a spherical surface with a small stop. The special cases where the conicoid degenerates into two planes are considered. It is shown that if the object conicoid is of this type the image conicoid is only similarly degenerate in a trivial case, and the image of a plane is therefore a portion of a conicoid. Refraction at the vertex of a single thin lens leads to relations of the same general character. The inclusion of simple results of this type in courses on geometrical optics is suggested as a corrective to the usual assumption that the image of a plane is itself a plane. General relations between the curvatures of object and image curves lying in any axial plane formed by axial refraction at a combination of thin lenses are given.
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