Secondary compounds from Cyrtocarpa procera bark inhibits the biological cycle of Haemonchus contortus: in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal studies

Abstract

Cyrtocarpa procera is a tree from the Anacardiaceae family that has various biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anthelmintic. In this research, the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) and two of its fractions (organic: EtAcO-F and aqueous: Aq-F) from dehydrated bark of C. procera on Haemonchus contortus, were evaluated. Additionaly, the extract and fractions were analyzed phytochemically by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identification of major compounds. The HA extract showed a 100 % ovicidal effect with the maximum concentration evaluated (100 mg/mL), while the EtAcO fraction exhibited an ovicidal effect close to 100 % starting at 2.50 mg/mL, with the Aq fraction a lower ovicidal effect was obtained. In the larval stage, a greater larvicidal effect was observed in the EtAcO fraction compared to that observed in HA-E and Aq-F did not affect larval viability. The major compounds were gallic acid and two galloyl derivatives. It is concluded that the bark of the C. procera tree contains secondary compounds that affect the eggs and larvae of H. contortus; however, it is also concluded that to enhance the effect, the fractionation of HA-E is necessary to obtain a more phytochemically concentrated organic fraction, and with it develop in vivo research.