Abstract
Secondary batteries that store and convert electrochemical energy show broad application prospects in renewable energy systems such as wind and solar energy, and in the construction of smart grids. This paper describes the basic working principles, properties,research and development, stationary applications and advances of lead-acid, sodium sulfur, redox flow, and lithium-ion batteries. Important problems currently limiting the development of these batteries are highlighted. Energy storage batteries need to focus on the areas of long life, low cost, high safety, high capacity, high power, fast charging/discharging and environmental adaptability. The future research topics are suggested.
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