Abstract
This paper presents techniques for the application of tertiary and secondary voltage control through the use of intelligent proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) in the IEEE 39 bus system (New England system). The paper includes power system partitioning, pilot bus selection, phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement, and optimal secondary voltage control parameter calculations to enable the application of the proposed voltage control. The power system simulation and analyses were performed using the DIgSILENT and MATLAB software applications. The optimal PMU placement was performed in order to apply secondary voltage control. The tertiary voltage control was performed through an optimal power flow optimization process in order to minimize the active power losses. Two different methods were used to design the PID secondary voltage control, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and neural network based on genetic algorithm (NNGA). A comparison of system performances using these two methods under different operating conditions is presented. The results show that NNGA secondary PID controllers are more robust than GA ones. The paper also presents a comparison between system performance with and without secondary voltage control, in terms of voltage deviation index and total active power losses. The graph theory is used in system partitioning, and sensitivity analysis is used in pilot bus selection, the results of which proved their effectiveness.
Highlights
One of the main features of the smart grid is to operate a power system with high security and reliability at different operating conditions
The study of [2] presented secondary voltage control based on genetic algorithm (GA), the study was applied in the IEEE 14-bus system, which was considered as a single region power system
The paper investigated the application of secondary voltage control on the IEEE 39 bus system as a multi-region power system based on optimal power flow, wide area measurement system and system partitioning
Summary
One of the main features of the smart grid is to operate a power system with high security and reliability at different operating conditions. The study of [2] presented secondary voltage control based on genetic algorithm (GA), the study was applied in the IEEE 14-bus system, which was considered as a single region power system. The study of [16] presented secondary voltage control based on GA, the study was applied in a 14-bus system, which was considered as a single region power system, but included only renewable energies. In [18], the authors presented WAMS-based methodology for secondary voltage control They improved the voltage profile, but they did not consider the change of the optimal load bus voltage at each operation condition. In [20], the authors applied fuzzy secondary voltage control in IEEE 39 bus system considering small disturbances, but they did not consider large disturbance and optimal power flow results.
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