Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease that has spread globally, resulting in the ongoing pandemic. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for COVID-19. Preventive measures to reduce the chances of contagion consist mainly of confinement, avoiding crowded places, social distancing, masks, and applying strict personal hygiene as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). After the first wave of infection in many countries, the potential effects of relaxing containment and physical distancing control measures suggest that as a result of these measures, a second wave of COVID-19 appears probable in these countries. In sport, the period of self-isolation, and quarantine, for COVID-19 affects the physical preparation of athletes as well as their mental health and quality of life to an even greater extent (i.e., nutrition, sleep, healthy lifestyle), and thus, relevant and practical recommendations are needed to help alleviate these physical and mental health concerns. Our review aims to summarize the physiological and psychological effects of detraining associated with athletes’ confinement during the proposed second wave of COVID-19. This article also proposes answers to questions that concern the advantages and disadvantages of different types of social media platforms, the importance of nutrition, and the effects of sleep disturbance on the health and modified lifestyle of athletes during this worldwide pandemic. Thus, this review provides some general guidelines to better manage their modified lifestyle and optimally maintain their physical and mental fitness with respect to measures taken during this restrictive proposed second wave of the COVID-19 confinement period.
Highlights
Disseminate positive and relevant videos posted across several social media platforms, providing insights into their home workouts, skills training, and challenges against other athletes [9]; Exploit the power of social media to spread positive messaging and encourage appropriate behaviors [58]; Promote health messages related to physical activity in online social spaces [9]; Consult several social media campaigns specializing in COVID-19 confinement athletes training to take advantage of their media coverage [9]
As media continuously report and often disseminate information related to the numbers of sick and dead to keep everyone informed of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, athletes in total confinement are exposed to this overabundance of information, resulting in negative emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, poor sleep quality, and feelings of loneliness, all associated with higher distress of mental health [20,58]
As athletes encounter sleep deprivation induced by the COVID-19 confinement stress and related to digital overload, hyper-connection, and digital collaboration, they are challenged to protect their physical and mental health, but some of them may have trouble falling asleep in this major upheaval in life
Summary
Olympic Games have already obtained their qualification for the event Most of these athletes are in a period of COVID-19 regulation-induced confinement, which may extend into 2021. It is essential to balance energy intake with energy expenditure with the necessary vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and other healthy nutrient constituents Faced with this radical transformation of daily life, how can the athlete guarantee a healthy and caloric balanced diet during the COVID-19 confinement and physical activity restrictions?. The second purpose of this review is to provide practical recommendations to athletes so that they can optimally maintain their physical and mental conditioning during the COVID-19 restrictions and confinement. The recommendations provided within this review are general and focused more on maintaining physical and mental health rather than suggesting highly individualized sport-specific training guidelines
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