Abstract
1.1. It is unwise to lay down hard and fast rules in orthodontics; therefore, I have simply presented some tentative concepts to support my belief that second-premolar extraction is to be recommended in average extraction cases.2.2. Arch length problems, growth tendencies, an organized occlusion, anchorage values, and soft-tissue analyses are the principal factors that have dictated our decisions concerning which teeth to extract. Special emphasis has been placed on the last two factors.3.3. I have shown what I believe to be the fundamental dangers in excessive lingual movement of the mandibular incisors and why it is equally dangerous to prepare anchorage first in every case and to use Class II mechanics routinely. I have then offered some suggestions to help the orthodontist plan his treatment safety.
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