Abstract
Craniofacial skeleton formation, and more specifically alveolar bone development, follow a finely regulated controlled genetic program. A spatial and temporal combination of molecular signals determines the type and inter- and intra-maxillary position of each dental-alveolar unit. The volumetric growth and movement of tooth germs depend on a coordinated adaptive peripheral alveolar bone modeling process which is supported by signaling pathways between cells of the dental epithelium, dental follicle and alveolar bone. These signaling pathways involve transcription factors, proto-oncogenes and diffusible factors called “growth factors”. Transient impairment of these signals during time windows corresponding to the development of the various dental types could explain specific localized eruption deficits in a given dental type, as observed for second molars. Ongoing studies show that disturbances of bone resorption related to disruption of the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway affect tooth eruption and root morphogenesis, with a clear relationship between the time window of onset of disruption and the affected dental type.
Highlights
The craniofacial skeleton derives from neural crest cells (NCCs), a population of pluripotent cells emerging from the central nervous system and following various migration pathways depending on the site of origin: cephalic, vagal, truncal or lumbosacral[3]
Most studies of the involvement of the RANKL/RANK/OPG triad confirmed its importance in alveolar bone modeling and remodeling and in maintaining periodontal ligament integrity[5,15]
RANKL activation of osteoclastogenesis is important for the formation of the eruption pathway and alveolar bone adaptation to growth in tooth volume
Summary
The craniofacial skeleton derives from neural crest cells (NCCs), a population of pluripotent cells emerging from the central nervous system (dorsal aspect of neural tube) and following various migration pathways depending on the site of origin: cephalic, vagal, truncal or lumbosacral[3]. Odontogenesis, tooth eruption, RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, PTH-rP Dental eruption is the process by which the tooth emerges from the bone sac after resorption of the overlying alveolar bone and reduction of the oral epithelium.
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