Abstract
Second order gyrogauge invariant guiding-center coordinates with strong E×B-flow are derived using the Lie transformation method. The corresponding Poisson bracket structure and equations of motion are obtained. From a variational principle the explicit Vlasov–Maxwell equations are derived including second order terms. The second order contributions contain the lowest order finite-Larmor-radius corrections to the electromagnetic field. Therefore, the model is capable of describing situations where strong E×B-flows and finite-Larmor-radius effects are mutually important.
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