Abstract
A simple and general theory to describe basic irreversible thermodynamic aspects of aging in all dissipative living is presented. Any dissipative system during its operation continuously loses efficiency by the production of structural or functional defects because of the second law of thermodynamics. This continuous loss of efficiency occurs on all the dissipative systems through the realization of specific functional cycles, leading to a maximum action principle of any system involving the Planck’s constant during their total dissipative operation. We applied our theory to the calculation of men and women lifespans from basal metabolic rate per unit weight and to the calculation of a new aging parameter per cycle of some human organs or physiological functions. All microscopic theory of the aging of living beings should be consistent with the second law of the thermodynamics. In other words, the operation of the biological self-organized structures only implies a delay in which the dissipative biological systems outside of equilibrium approach inexorably to the thermodynamic equilibrium obeying the second law of the thermodynamics.
Highlights
Thermodynamical BackgroundLet us make a brief synthesis of relevant general thermodynamical results. where the internal energy of the system is U , T is temperature in Kelvin scale, S the entropy, p the pressure acting on the homogeneous system and V the volume
From Schrödinger’s classic work published in 1944 [1] it became clear that life, and the not-living systems like cyclic thermal machines, obeys the first and second laws of thermodynamics
The basic same ideas were expressed in a different paragraph using similar expressions: “organization of living organisms is maintained by extracting ‘order’ from the environment” and he asks: “How would we express in terms of the statistical theory the marvelous faculty of a living organism, by which it delays the decay into thermodynamical equilibrium?” he introduced the idea of an “aperiodic crystal”, and the microcode of which Schrödinger spoke have become the DNA and the genetic code of today
Summary
Let us make a brief synthesis of relevant general thermodynamical results. where the internal energy of the system is U , T is temperature in Kelvin scale, S the entropy, p the pressure acting on the homogeneous system and V the volume. We know [9] [10] that the rate of entropy production denoted by di S , can be expressed as a funcdt tion of generalized fluxes Ji and generalized forces Xi :. From this equation, it is possible to define the Raleigh’s dissipation function [10], ΦR as ΦR ≡ TS i (4). It is possible to define the Raleigh’s dissipation function [10], ΦR as ΦR ≡ TS i (4) This represents the heat generation inside a system, and could be experimentally measured. Does not imply the stability of the steady-state, primarily because in the general case dx P is not the differential of a state function
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