Second law and entropy generation analysis of magnetized viscous fluid flow over a permeable expandable sheet with nonlinear thermal radiation: Brownian and thermophoresis effect

Abstract

The second law, thermal, magnetic field, and concentration of viscous fluid across a permeable stretching surface are the focus of this study. The transverse and longitudinal velocities, temperature, and concentration with boundary conditions are computed numerically by applying Runge-Kutta 4th-order method. For this determination the system of governing equations are first converted to the first order ordinary linear equations and then solve by RK4 built-in function in MATHLAB SOFTWARE by taking step size [Formula: see text]. The existing work is compared with the difference between existing and published work. The iteration procedure was stopped until all of the nodes in the η-direction met the convergence condition 10−5. For confirmation of the results, the BVPh2 package is also applied and excellent agreement is found. Both on longitudinal and transverse kinematics, the impact of ferromagnetic and viscoelastic factors are examined. The temperature is studied in relation to the Prandtl number, the magnetism factor, and the heat reference factor. The concentration is also shown, as well as how it varies well with Schmidt number and the magnetic factor. The entropy generation number is calculated using fluid velocity, energy, and volume fraction coefficient. Moreover, the current work is also equated with the available work for limiting cases. The longitudinal and transverse velocities are declined when the viscoelastic and magnetic parameters are increased. The temperature profile enhances as the magnetic parameters and heat source-sink parameters increase, but declines as Prandtl number increases. At the same time, concentration raises as the magnetic parameters rises. From this investigation it is also observed that the concentration falls, as the Sc enhances. The entropy generation number decreases with the increasing values of magnetic parameter. It is perceived that as Pr enhances, the Ns increases near the surface but with increasing η, the situation reverses. For higher values of [Formula: see text], the generation number [Formula: see text] declines at the surface, however, the situation reverses via η rises.