Abstract
In the current research, entropy generation for the water–alumina nanofluid flow is studied in a circular minichannel for the laminar regime under constant wall heat flux in order to evaluate irreversibilities arising from friction and heat transfer. To this end, simulations are carried out considering the particle migration effects. Due to particle migration, the nanoparticles incorporate non-uniform distribution at the cross-section of the pipe, such that the concentration is larger at central areas. The concentration non-uniformity increases by augmenting the mean concentration, particle size, and Reynolds number. The rates of entropy generation are evaluated both locally and globally (integrated). The obtained results show that particle migration changes the thermal and frictional entropy generation rates significantly, particularly at high Reynolds numbers, large concentrations, and coarser particles. Hence, this phenomenon should be considered in examinations related to energy in the field of nanofluids.
Highlights
The results showed that Bejan number, Nusselt number, and total entropy generation augment by concentration increment
Numerical runs are carried out for mean concentrations research conducted inThe order to assess the influence of particle migration on entropy of 1%, 3%
The entropy generation rates resulting from both heat transfer and friction were evaluated
Summary
Some instances of the applications of nanofluids include various types of heat exchangers [1,2], thermosyphons and heat pipes [3,4], car radiators [5], cooling of electronic devices, chillers, cooling and heating in buildings, medical applications [6], microchannels [7], and solar collectors [8]. A great deal of research work has been performed on nanofluids [9,10,11]. The first research on these suspensions was implemented in 1993 by Masuda et al [12].
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