Second law analysis in Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms

Abstract

AbstractThis article investigates the creation of entropy and the thermal transport of fluids during hyperbolic tangent flow with Darcy‐Forchheimer flow over a stretching surface. Because of the role of shear‐thinning that the hyperbolic tangent fluid displays, the mechanics of the fluid are described with the assistance of a connected system of differential models that are constructed from a partial differential equation. The bvp4c routine, a three‐stage Lobatto‐IIIA method numerical analysis is utilized in the study. The effects of varying values of dimensionless parameters including Forchheimer number, inertia parameter, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, Scimdth number, chemical reaction, Peclet number an Bioconvection Lewis number are simulated numerically. In addition, to this, the numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt and Sherwood number and motile density are shown in the form of graphs and tables respectively. It has been discovered that increasing the value of the Fr and γ results in an upsurging velocity profile while a reverse trend is noted for the unsteady parameter. In addition to this, higher values of the radiation parameter Rd cause the operating fluid to be subjected to a greater quantity of heat, which results in an associated increase in the temperature profile.