Second Language Speaking Strategies

Abstract

The study of second language (L2) speaking strategies has evolved since they were first explored in the 1970s. In this chapter, L2 speaking strategies are explored in terms of analytical frameworks, instructional interventions, effectiveness, and domains of use. Emerging areas for research into L2 speaking strategies are outlined, such as communication using Internet and mobile technologies. Typical research methods for examining L2 speaking strategies are described, including settings for data collection, speech sample types, and analytical frameworks. Recommendations for teaching practice do not highlight particular L2 speaking strategies as instructional targets, but suggest the promotion of L2 speakers’ autonomy, adaptability, and reflection in preparing speakers to use L2 speaking strategies in communication. Future directions are suggested for further research, including the ways that speakers may use L2 speaking strategies in multimodal communication, such as in virtual reality environments, and the continued exploration of how the use of L2 speaking strategies might be influenced by different social and political environments and by interlocutors’ status.