Second harmonic generation based on graphene hyperstructure for higher resolution and performance on top of achieving fundamental wave detection in theory

Abstract

In this paper, an innovative one-dimensional graphene hyperstructure (GHS) is proposed, allowing for the concurrent detection of multiple physical parameters in both the fundamental and second harmonic generation. The sensing characteristics of GHS pertaining to magnetic field strength (B), incident electromagnetic wave angle (θ), and graphene thickness (dgt) are systematically investigated. Moreover, through the incorporation of second harmonic generation alongside fundamental detection, higher resolution and performance are achieved. The findings indicate an expansion of the measurement range for B, θ, and dgt, from 0.3∼0.5 T, 35∼55°, and 1∼6 layers to 0.3∼1 T, 35∼65°, and 1∼10 layers, providing increased flexibility and adjustability. Additionally, by leveraging nonlinear effects and widening the Fabry-Perot cavity width, this structure effectively enhances the quality factor (Q) from 2.94 × 102 to 1.95 × 105, resulting in a substantial improvement in sensing performance. This development holds tremendous promise in surpassing the diffraction limit and addressing high-Q value sensing requirements. In comparison to conventional detectors, the GHS not only enhances detection efficiency but also harbors the potential for multiple physical quantities detection. This forward-looking research is pivotal in its successful resolution of detector performance limitations, ushering in novel possibilities across diverse domains.