Second-generation snacks prepared from quinoa with probiotic. Physicochemical properties, in vitro digestibility, antioxidant activity and consumer acceptability

Abstract

Food security is a pressing issue, emphasizing the necessity for food designs that address the current geopolitical and geoeconomic challenges. This study evaluates the impact of including different percentages (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 60 %) of high protein quinoa flour (HPQF) in the development of a new rice-based snack. The aim is to create four snack formulations with a protein content enriched with probiotics, surpassing those currently available in the market. Probiotics Bacillus coagulans were added at a 0.1 % concentration. Once the rice flour and quinoa flour are mixed, they are mixed with the probiotic, to move on to the extrusion process. Following the incorporation of probiotics, the snacks were packaged in a modified atmosphere, and their physicochemical properties, Bacillus coagulans probiotic viability, tolerance to artificial gastroenteric juice (TAGJ), starch digestibility, and sensory acceptance were assessed.Significant differences were observed in the expansion index, with the 60 % inclusion snack exhibiting the least expansion. Despite having a higher density, this snack reached a porosity index similar to that of the 20 % HPQF snack. Achieving a 17 % protein content in the snacks was possible with a 60 % inclusion rate. Texture was notably affected by the inclusion of HPQF, with snacks having higher inclusion levels showing increased hardness. Probiotic viability evaluation consistently remained above 106 UFC/g of snack, while TAGJ exhibited a viability of 75 %. Although HPQF inclusion led to a decrease in the glycemic index (GI), snacks still maintained a GI above 70 %. Regarding antioxidant properties, snacks with 60 % HPQF inclusion displayed superior results, reaching 35.29, 5.52, and 13.74 μmol of AA/g, measured via ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods, respectively. These findings demonstrate a heightened antioxidant capacity compared to other formulations. Our results indicate that the new probiotic snack serves as a rich source of protein and probiotics and is well-received sensorially. However, it is worth noting that it falls within the category of high GI foods, prompting the need for future studies aimed at reducing this parameter.