Second branchial cleft fistula in a child with genetically confirmed branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome

Abstract

Branchial cleft anomalies constitute 32% to 45% of all neck pathologies in the pediatric population. These disorders may be a part of a branchio-oto-renal syndrome (Melnick-Fraser syndrome), characterized by branchial arch abnormalities, preauricular pits, hearing impairment, and various types of renal anomalies. Usually, the treatment of a branchial fistula does not necessarily require extensive diagnostics. However, in patients with a congenital branchial cleft fistula associated with ear anomalies recognized during a physical examination, and history of hearing loss or similar findings in other relatives, the additional analysis should be carried out to eliminate the possibility of BOR syndrome. The aim of this study is to present a rare case of a male patient presenting complete second branchial cleft fistula, diagnosed as having BOR syndrome.