Seaweed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Turbinaria conoides and its characterization

Shanmugam Rajeshkumar,Gnanadhas Gnanajobitha,Kanniah Paulkumar,Mahendran Vanaja,Chelladurai Malarkodi,Chellapandian Kannan,Gurusamy Annadurai

doi:10.1186/2193-8865-3-44

Shanmugam Rajeshkumar, Gnanadhas Gnanajobitha + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8865-3-44

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Abstract

Abstract The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using algae has been unexplored, but it is a more biocompatible method than the other biological methods. Metal nanoparticle synthesis using algae extract shows rapid and non-toxic process which resulted to nano sizes having the greatest potential for biomedical applications. In this investigation, we studied the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the algae extract of Turbinaria conoides. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles was preliminarily confirmed by color changing from yellow to dark pink in the reaction mixture, and the broad surface plasmon resonance band was centered at 520 to 525 nm which indicates polydispersed nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction analysis show the morphology and crystalline structure of synthesized gold nanoparticles with the size range of 6 to 10 nm. The four strong diffraction peaks were observed by X-ray diffraction; it confirmed the crystalline nature of synthesized gold nanoparticles. The carboxylic, amine, and polyphenolic groups were associated with the algae-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles which was confirmed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. This study eliminates the use of chemical substances as reducing and stabilizing agent. Because it has natural several constituents which are fucoidan and polyphenolic substances, it does a dual function as both reducing and stabilizing agent for nanoparticles. Thus, algae-mediated synthesis process of biomedically valuable gold nanoparticles is a one-spot, facile, convenient, large-scaled, and eco-friendly method.

Highlights

Nanotechnology is anticipated to be the beginning of many of the main technological innovations of this century
Since the algae extract was added into the gold ion complex solution, it started to change the color from yellow to pink which indicates the reduction of gold ions into gold nanoparticles
The synthesized gold nanoparticles were preliminarily examined by the color change of reaction mixture to dark pink

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology is anticipated to be the beginning of many of the main technological innovations of this century. An essential area of research in nanoscience and nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles of different chemical compositions, dimensions, and controlled monodispersity [1,2]. There is a growing necessity to improve the environmentally benign nanoparticle synthetic processes that are gratis from toxic chemicals in the synthesis procedure [3]. Algae are otherwise called bionanofactories because they synthesized nanoparticles with high stability, are easy to handle, and eliminate cell maintenance [8]. Algae are the naturally available plant, which are important source of phytochemicals involved in the production of metallic nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticle synthesized using the extract of algae such as Sargassum wightii [9], Turbinaria conoides [10], Laminaria japonica [11], and Stoechospermum marginatum [12] was reported

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