Abstract
Petroleum and its related products pose a serious pollution risk to the world’s seas and require a simple, rapid detection method. This is a difficult task if the pollution is under the water surface. One common approach to oil detection is excitation-emission spectroscopy (EEMs) of seawater exposed to oil for analyzing the fluorometric index (FIo/w) as a potential indicator of oil presence in the marine environment. In this paper, FIo/w was determined for both natural seawater and samples of the same water, but exposed to a relatively small portion of oil. The water samples were collected from the coastal and port waters of the Gdynia region (Southern Baltic Sea) from five stations, four times at two-week intervals. FIo/w indicates the changes between seawater sampled from the marine environment and the same seawater polluted with oil substances. Moreover, the obtained FIo/w values do not depend on the point and time of sampling. In all cases of seawater exposed to oil, significantly higher FIo/w values were observed than for unpolluted seawater. Moreover, the detection of oil by analyzing the value of FIo/w is efficient if the oil-to-water weight ratio is close to or above 5 × 10−6.
Highlights
Oil pollution can enter marine waters from various sources, such as stormwater drainage from cities, untreated waste disposal from factories and industrial facilities, as well as unregulated recreational boating, onshore air pollution or natural seeps and by the heavy traffic in marine transport
When oil is visible on the surface of seawater, space-borne remote sensing detection, or airborne detection [2,3] are the most effective methods to assess the scale of the spillage
The paper reports on a study of the effectiveness of fluorometric index (FIo/w) for water sampled from the sea at different points sampled several times in the warm season
Summary
Oil pollution can enter marine waters from various sources, such as stormwater drainage from cities, untreated waste disposal from factories and industrial facilities, as well as unregulated recreational boating, onshore air pollution or natural seeps and by the heavy traffic in marine transport. The oil may be invisible when it enters the water in small amounts but can become a threat over time These events can occur, for example, in the case of unsealing underwater pipes [22], oil leaking during port trans-shipment [23], or leaks from wrecks [24,25]. The paper reports on a study of the effectiveness of fluorometric index (FIo/w) for water sampled from the sea at different points sampled several times in the warm season. In the present paper reports on a study extracted from excitation-emission fluorescence matrix spectra (EEMs), fluorometric index (FIo/w) for water sampled from the sea in five stations located along the coastal and port waters of the Gdynia region (Southern Baltic Sea) collected at four times in summer season (June and July) in this area
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