Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of season on the follicular and luteal dynamics and pregnancy rate in Egyptian buffaloes. A total of 327 genital tracts and 596 animals were used. The genital tracts were examined in winter (n = 58), spring (n = 179), summer (n = 49), and autumn (n = 41) for follicular population, incidence of presence of developed or mature corpus luteum (CL), and diameters of the preovulatory follicle (OF) and the mature CL. Buffaloes were mated in winter (n = 297) and summer (n = 299) and examined for pregnancy rate. Results showed that the mean number of the large follicles was higher in winter (1.21 ± 0.08mm) and spring (1.04 ± 0.05mm) than in summer (0.64 ± 0.1mm) and autumn (0.78 ± 0.1mm) (P = 0.0001). Likewise, the mean diameter of the OF was greater in winter (14.71 ± 0.7mm) and spring (14.36 ± 0.5mm) than in summer (12.4 ± 0.8mm) and autumn (12 ± 0.8mm) (P = 0.02). In addition, the mean diameter of the mature CL was higher in winter (15.8 ± 0.4mm) and spring (15.5 ± 1.1mm) than in summer (14.2 ± 1mm) and autumn (13.2 ± 0.7mm) (P = 0.003). The incidence of presence of developed or mature CL was lower in summer (69.4%) than in winter (74.1%), spring (87.2%), or autumn (85.4%) (P = 0.01). Double CLs (0.9%) were observed only in spring. Ovarian cysts (2.5%) were detected in winter and spring. The pregnancy rate was higher in buffaloes mated in winter (75.4%) than in those mated in summer (61.9%) (P = 0.0004). In conclusion, season affects the ovarian activity and reproductive efficiency of buffaloes, where winter and spring are the optimum seasons for breeding.
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