Seasonal Variations of pH and Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Major Rivers of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The variations in pH and Dissolve Oxygen (DO) concentrations were analysed in surface river water samples for three seasons Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Autumn (January to December 2022) for four major rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti and Hindon flowing through Uttar Pradesh, India. For river Ganga pH range varied from 7.65 to 8.47 and DO varied from 6.4mg/l to 9.26mg/l. For river Yamuna pH range varied from 7.31 to 10.5 and DO varied from 0 to 8.1mg/l. Gomti river showed, pH range between 7.2 to 8.48, while DO varied from 0.63mg/l to 8.4mg/l. For, river Hindon, pH varied from 6.8 to 7.66 and DO observed was between 0 to 1.8mg/l. Correlation Matrix showed a significant weak positive correlation between pH and DO for all three seasons for rivers Ganga and Yamuna, while river Gomti showed a significant weak positive correlation in Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon season, and a weak negative correlation in Autumn lastly river Hindon showed weak negative correlation between pH and DO for Pre-Monsoon, and Monsoon and a weak positive significant correlation for Autumn season. Dissolved Oxygen was found in good concentration in river Ganga, and almost nilfor river Hindon. An increasing trend line for DO was observed for rivers Ganga and Yamuna while river Gomti showed a constant trend line lastly river Hindon showed almost nil DO. This study helped to identify the variations of pH and DO, and also to find the correlation between them for Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Autumn seasons for the river water samples. The study will prove helpful for designing of water treatment plants accompanying seasonal variations.