Seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs congeners in air, soil and eggs from a Polish small-scale farm

Abstract

The transfer of dioxin from the environment to the food is a problem in a consumers' health protection. The study aimed to determine the concentration of dioxins in free-range chicken eggs, air and soil samples, collected during 12 months on an individual small farm, located in Małopolska region, Poland. In the majority of analyzed eggs, the concentrations of dioxin exceeded several times the legal limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ g-1fat. Seasonal changes in the PCDD/Fs congeners in egg, air and soil samples were studied. During the winter season, when the combustion processes of the solid fuel in domestic furnaces are intensive, the PM10 concentration in the Małopolska region exceeds the legal limit (50μg/m3) even eight times. In this period, eggs, air and soil samples showed a higher share of PCDFs with a specific contribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. During the summer months, in the egg, air and soil samples, the share of PCDDs is higher with dominant OCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDDs, showing the effect of other combustion processes such as grass utilization or burning plastic wastes in controlled fires. In August, the month of the highest average air temperature and lowest rainfall amount, the highest toxicity of PCDD/Fs in eggs (9.52pgWHO-TEQ g-1fat) was found. Due to the similarity of the shares of PCDD/Fs congeners in total WHO-TEQ value we can take into account the influence of toxicity of PCDD/Fs in the air and soil on the toxicity in the eggs.