Abstract

Increasing anthropogenic activities within the catchment of River Tano continues to threaten the river water quality but data is limited. Seasonal variations in some physicochemical and nutrients water quality parameters of River Tano were studied between November, 2016 and October, 2017 using electrometric and standard methods. The objective was to assess changes in physicochemical parameters and nutrient concentrations with the season and to generate useful information for water quality managers and policy makers to ameliorate the problem. The results showed significantly higher rainy season values for all the nutrients and the physicochemical parameters studied. The source of River Tano recorded pH levels lower than WHO minimum permissible level for both seasons but got corrected after 7.2 km from the source. The river was also challenged in terms of colour (61.0±4.6 NTU), total phosphorus content (0.376±0.3 mg/L), total suspended solids (69.7±24 mg/L), turbidity (96.2±21 mg/L) and electrical conductivity (252±33 µS/cm) since the levels of these parameters exceeded the permissible levels for WHO. Some physicochemical parameters and nutrients correlated strongly to indicate a possible common source to the water body. Cluster analysis extracted two clusters of the seasonal sampling sites for physicochemical parameters and three clusters for nutrients also confirming their respective possible common sources to the river. It is recommended that the buffer zone policy must be enforced to avert further deterioration of the river water quality. Industries must be compelled to treat their effluent before discharging into water bodies

Highlights

  • Freshwater bodies serve as conduits for water, nutrients, sediment and biota from the continents to the sea [1]

  • The results revealed that nitrite (NO2-N) were not detected in any of the sampling sites for both rainy and dry seasons

  • The results for the seasonal variations in physicochemical water quality of River Tano are shown in Tables 3 and 4

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Summary

Introduction

Freshwater bodies serve as conduits for water, nutrients, sediment and biota from the continents to the sea [1]. Its availability is essential for life support on earth [2] They are known to support numerous ecological services changes in aquatic conservational factors such as pH, redox potential, nutrient loads and temperature may have serious negative effects on the ecosystem functions [3, 4]. Anthroponic activities such as land use changes, discharge of untreated industrial effluent, agricultural and municipal run offs tend to compromise the physical and nutrient river water qualities [5, 6].

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