Seasonal variation of membrane fluidity of the naturally acclimatized Baltic Sea amphipods Gammarus spp. and Monoporeia affinis

Abstract

The membrane fluidity of the Baltic Sea crustaceans Gammarus spp. and Monoporeia affinis was studied in different seasons. Gammarus spp. were collected at a location with stable salinity and with temperature fluctuations from about 0 to 20 °C, and M. affinis at a deep location with stable salinity and a constant low temperature of about 1.5 to 4.5 °C. The membrane fluidity was measured from preparations enriched with plasma and mitochondrial membranes employing a fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a probe. The measurements were carried out without any preceding acclimation of the animals. In Gammarus spp., the membrane fluidity increased in the order: summer animals < autumn animals < spring animals. The differences between seasons were significant, with pronounced homeoviscous adaptation, and correlated well with the water temperature. It is suggested that in Gammarus spp., temperature is the determining factor for membrane fluidity. In M. affinis, the membranes of summer animals were the most fluid, and there was a significant difference only between summer and spring animals. In M. affinis the difference was not connected to the water temperature and no homeoviscous adaptation was noticed. The deep-water M. affinis experience a long period of fresh food deficiency, which probably affects the membrane fluidity. Although there are seasonal differences in fluidities between Gammarus spp. and M. affinis, it is interesting to note that all data obtained from M. affinis settled between the polarization lines of spring and summer Gammarus spp., regardless of the prevailing temperatures.