Abstract
Abstract. In this paper, we present seasonal variation of E region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) observed using the Gadanki radar and compare them with the seasonal variation of Es observed from a nearby location SHAR. During daytime, FAIs occur maximum in summer and throughout the day, as compared to other seasons. During nighttime, FAIs occur equally in both summer and winter, and relatively less in equinoxes. Seasonal variations of Es (i.e. ftEs and fbEs) show that the daytime activity is maximum in summer and the nighttime activity is maximum in equinoxes. No relation is found between FAIs occurrence/SNR and ftEs/fbEs. FAIs occurrence, however, is found to be related well with (ftEs−fbEs). This aspect is discussed in the light of the present understanding of the mid-latitude Es-FAIs relationship. The seasonal variations of FAIs observed at Gadanki are compared in detail with those of Piura, which show a significant difference in the daytime observations. The observed difference has been discussed considering the factors governing the generation of FAIs.
Highlights
Investigation of the E region electron density irregularities at low latitudes outside the equatorial electrojet belt (±3◦ magnetic latitude) became a subject of systematic scientific investigation essentially in the last decade after the high power VHF radars came into existence at Gadanki (13.5◦ N, 79.2◦ E, dip latitude 6.4◦ N), India; Piura, (5.2◦ S, 80.6◦ W, dip latitude 7.5◦ N) Peru; and Kototabang (0.2◦ S, 100.3◦ E, dip latitude 10.4◦ S), Indonesia
We report seasonal variations of field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) based on Gadanki radar observations and Es parameters based on observations made from SHAR (13.6◦ N, 80.2◦ E), which is 110 km east of Gadanki
Observations used for the present study were made using the MST radar located at Gadanki (13.5◦ N, 79.2◦ E) and an ionosonde located at a nearby rocket launching station, SHAR (13.6◦ N, 80.2◦ E)
Summary
Investigation of the E region electron density irregularities at low latitudes outside the equatorial electrojet belt (±3◦ magnetic latitude) became a subject of systematic scientific investigation essentially in the last decade after the high power VHF radars came into existence at Gadanki (13.5◦ N, 79.2◦ E, dip latitude 6.4◦ N), India; Piura, (5.2◦ S, 80.6◦ W, dip latitude 7.5◦ N) Peru; and Kototabang (0.2◦ S, 100.3◦ E, dip latitude 10.4◦ S), Indonesia. These radars were primarily meant to study the lower and middle atmospheric dynamics. It may be noted that these radars are located in the 6–11◦ magnetic latitude belt
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