Abstract
Background: Enteric fever is a global health problem and it is more common in low income countries where there is frequent faecal contamination of water and food hygiene is not maintained or not regulated .We have investigated the seasonal difference of enteric fever and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of those isolated organisms Methods and materials: The study was prospective, hospital based and done from April 2018 to July 2019.Blood culture was done for all suspected cases of blood stream infections and isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test was done by following standard method Results: During 16 month period all together 49 Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (n = 41) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (n = 8) was isolated. The study revealed that enteric fever was prevailing throughout the year. However, 75.66% (31/41) were isolated in the rainy season (May to September) and least number of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi was isolated in winter season (5/35). Similarly, 87.8%(7/8) Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A was also isolated maximum number during the same period. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi were sensitive to amoxicillin, cefixime, and 92.3 of isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime and 91.4 to azithromycin. In contrast all the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Similarly, all the Salmonella enteric serovars Paratyphi were sensitive to amoxicillin and cefixime and all the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. On the other hand, only 25% of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi were sensitive to azithromycin and 37.5% of isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime. Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that enteric fever is endemic in Kathmandu, Nepal and the infection rate is high in rainy season (May to August).The Amoxicillin and cefixime are highly effective to treat Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and paratyphi.
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