Abstract
The chemical composition of rainfall is influenced by natural or anthropogenic factors; the amount of nutrients deposited is increased by the amount of rainfall. This work sought to estimate the amount of nutrients deposited by precipitation in the Pampa biome, the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of rain water, and the origin of nutrients found in the water. Precipitation collectors were installed in the open area to measure precipitation volumes biweekly over 2 years, and the samples were chemically analyzed. Concentrations of nutrients in the rain water increased over winter; however, since there was less precipitation, the total deposition was similar to the other seasons. Correlation analysis using the Pearson coefficient showed a negative correlation between rain volume and ion contents, indicating a dilution effect. The total amount of nutrients from precipitation during the study was 72.7 kg ha-1, representing an average of 36.3 kg ha-1 year-1. The Ca2+ and K+ ions are predominantly of litholical origin, whereas the SO42- and NO3- ions were of anthropogenic origin. The balance between the sum of cations and the sum of anions was shown to be unitary, indicating excellent data validation. The input of these nutrients occurs gradually, avoiding excessive losses, increasing the stock in the soil.
Highlights
The southwestern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil is characterized by predominantly sandy soil and low natural fertility, susceptible to erosive processes (Streck et al, 2008)
EF seawater of the present study is similar to the results found by Alves et al (2018) evaluating the deposition of ions via pluviometric precipitation in 3 different points at the, base of the river of the state of Rio Grande do Sul
The incident precipitation represents an important source of nutrients in function of the annual quantity supplied and its distribution throughout the seasons
Summary
The southwestern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil is characterized by predominantly sandy soil and low natural fertility, susceptible to erosive processes (Streck et al, 2008). Sustainable management is the only alternative to reverse the sandstone situation in these areas, and the quantification of inputs deposited by precipitation is essential for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (Schumacher and Viera, 2015). The soil of sandstone areas has a low nutrient load, and annual supplementation by precipitation represents an important source of nutritional replacement, indispensable for the development of several ecosystems. Several factors can determine the chemical composition of rainwater, including maritime influence, biomass burning, litholic and anthropogenic actions (Tiwari et al, 2016). Incident precipitation is the sum of dry and wet depositions, and the identification of the main sources can be determined by enrichment factors which consider Ca2+ and Na+ in their equations to be exclusively of litholic and maritime origin, respectively (Keene et al, 1986, Taylor, 1964)
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