Abstract
Indian blackberry (Syzygium cumini L.) is an evergreen tree in the Myrtaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine due to its significant bioactivities and presence of polyphenols with antioxidant activities. The present study describes the effect of seasonal variations on Indian blackberry leaf essential oil yield and chemical composition, production of fractions from essential oil using high vacuum fractional distillation and slow cooling to low temperature (−50 °C) under vacuum, and bioactivities of the essential oil, fractions, and nanoparticles. The results show that Indian blackberry essential oil yield was higher in spring season as compared to winter season. Indian blackberry essential oil fractionation processes were effective in separating and concentrating compounds with desired bioactivities. The bioactivities shown by magnesium nanoparticles were comparatively higher than barium nanoparticles.
Highlights
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes since time immemorial and these traditional medicines are still popular worldwide due to lower cost and side effects compared to conventional medicine [1]
Essential oils (EO) was slowly cooled to −50 ◦ C using a lyophilizer to isolate two fractions
It is well known that EO yield significantly varies with the season [24,25,26]
Summary
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes since time immemorial and these traditional medicines are still popular worldwide due to lower cost and side effects compared to conventional medicine [1]. Indian blackberry (Syzygium cumini), commonly known as Jamun, is a tree belonging to the plant family Myrtaceae. Its leaves have high concentrations of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds effective in treating various ailments in the traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda [2]. Indian blackberry is an evergreen plant that is cultivated in Pakistan, India, Burma, Nepal, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. The plant produces clusters of oblong fruits that each contain one large seed. The seed, fruit pulp, and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of conditions including gastric disorders, leucorrhea, diabetes, fever, hemorrhoids, wounds, and skin disorders [4]. The leaves, fruit, bark, and seeds contain phytochemicals including alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1900.
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