Abstract
Little is known about the changes in resin composition in South American gymnosperms associated with the different seasons of the year. The diterpene composition of 44 resin samples from seven Austrocedrus chilensis (Cupressaceae) trees, including male and female individuals, was investigated in three different seasons of the year (February, June and November). Twelve main diterpenes were isolated by chromatographic means and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The diterpene composition was submitted to multivariate analysis to find possible associations between chemical composition and season of the year. The principal component analysis showed a clear relation between diterpene composition and season. The most characteristic compounds in resins collected in summer were Z-communic acid (9) and 12-oxo-labda-8(17),13E-dien-19 oic acid methyl ester (10) for male trees and 8(17),12,14-labdatriene (7) for female trees. For the winter samples, a clear correlation of female trees with torulosic acid (6) was observed. In spring, E-communic acid (8) and Z-communic acid (9) were correlated with female trees and 18-hydroxy isopimar-15-ene (1) with male tree resin. A comparison between percent diterpene composition and collection time showed p < 0.05 for isopimara-8(9),15-diene (2), sandaracopimaric acid (4), compound (7) and ferruginol (11).
Highlights
IntroductionEt Bizz, Cupressaceae) is a characteristic gymnosperm of the southern Andes slopes and is locally known as “ciprés de cordillera”
Additional information regarding to the contribution of the new components to the total variance, the comparison between diterpene composition, tree sex and collection time, the single compound contribution to the new components according to collection time and single sample contribution to the new components is presenting as Supplementary information (Tables S1–S5)
Diterpenes from the resin of Austrocedrus chilensis exhibited differences in its composition according to the season
Summary
Et Bizz, Cupressaceae) is a characteristic gymnosperm of the southern Andes slopes and is locally known as “ciprés de cordillera”. The distribution range of A. chilensis covers two wide parallel areas in the Cordillera de los Andes, in both sides of the mountain range in Chile and Argentina. It includes the west Andean populations in the Mediterranean region of Chile, east Andean populations ranging from humid rain forest to the steppe ecotone and coastal mountain populations from
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