Seasonal Variability of Groundwater Quality in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia

Mohmadisa Hashim,Arijatul Wardah Ahmad,Zahid Mat Said,Yazid Saleh,Koh Liew See,Hanifah Mahat,Nasir Nayan

doi:10.5772/intechopen.99863

Abstract

The chapter aims to evaluate the groundwater quality levels in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia during the monsoon changes of the Southwest Monsoon (SWM), Monsoon Transition (MT) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM) in 2018. Four locations were used for groundwater sampling namely, the Kapas Coral Beach Resort, Kapas Beach Chalet, Pak Ya Seaview Chalet, and Kapas Island Resort. Three water samplings at each station for every month in the monsoon. Six parameters of the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI), i.e., dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), were used to evaluate the water quality. The findings showed the groundwater quality parameters are in Class I and II. However, according to WQI Malaysia, the water quality status during the three monsoons is slightly polluted. During the SWM, the WQI value was 76 (Class III), the MT was 77 (Class II), and the NEM was WQI 71 (Class III). Given this status, it requires more intensive water treatment as it is not suitable for direct drinking water supply. The implications of the study show that the quality of groundwater in Kapas Island has to improve by the tour operators.

Highlights

The increase in the population of an area will have an impact on the demand for clean water supply
Groundwater quality analysis in Kapas Island was done based on eight parameters, namely SAL, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, NH3-N and total suspended solids (TSS)
The findings of this study described the value of groundwater quality parameters based on the four designated study areas in addition to comparing the values obtained during the Southwest Monsoon (SWM), monsoon transition (MT) and Northeast Monsoon

Summary

Introduction

The increase in the population of an area will have an impact on the demand for clean water supply. When the demand for water supply exceeds the capacity, it will lead to a water crisis because the need for water is for domestic use and for various human activities such as industry and agriculture. The main source of water to meet human demand comes from surface water sources such as rivers, ponds and lakes. Due to increasing demand for water resources, the groundwater resources have been explored on a large scale, especially for drinking water supply [1–4]. The current trend of using groundwater resources as a domestic water supply for humans is no longer uncommon. Polluted river water resources have led the

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Results

Conclusion