Abstract
Buildings consume approximately ¾ of the total electricity generated in the United States, contributing significantly to fossil fuel emissions. Sustainable and renewable energy production can reduce fossil fuel use, but necessitates storage for energy reliability in order to compensate for the intermittency of renewable energy generation. Energy storage is critical for success in developing a sustainable energy grid because it facilitates higher renewable energy penetration by mitigating the gap between energy generation and demand. This review analyzes recent case studies—numerical and field experiments—seen by borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) in space heating and domestic hot water capacities, coupled with solar thermal energy. System design, model development, and working principle(s) are the primary focus of this analysis. A synopsis of the current efforts to effectively model BTES is presented as well. The literature review reveals that: (1) energy storage is most effective when diurnal and seasonal storage are used in conjunction; (2) no established link exists between BTES computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models integrated with whole building energy analysis tools, rather than parameter-fit component models; (3) BTES has less geographical limitations than Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) and lower installation cost scale than hot water tanks and (4) BTES is more often used for heating than for cooling applications.
Highlights
Optimizing the performance of a sustainable and renewable grid is becoming an increasingly important topic
The underlying principle of the technology is consistent with presented the previous methods, The primary seasonal thermal energy storage for heating in this review isBTES
The tanks provide the water needed for the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES): heated water to store the energy in the ground from the hot water tank, and cool water for the cool water tank to extract the energy from the borehole
Summary
Optimizing the performance of a sustainable and renewable grid is becoming an increasingly important topic. Coupling solar energy with sensible storage for diurnal and seasonal periods is a logical step for DG and higher renewable energy penetrations, especially with thermal energy end use [9,14,35,41,46,47,48,49]. Solar heating systems present the paradox of being available during the day when the sun is visible and remaining offset from peak demand periods [30,43] This mismatch between utility energy demand and renewable energy supply is dubbed the “duck curve” [6,7]. Because building HVAC systems provide a major draw on the electrical grid, addressing HVAC loads with thermal energy is a practical grid decentralization solution, with solar thermal panels readily implementable at the.
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