Abstract
Urban freshwater lakes play an indispensable role in maintaining the urban environment and are suffering great threats of eutrophication. Until now, little has been known about the seasonal bacterial communities of the surface water of adjacent freshwater urban lakes. This study reported the bacterial communities of three adjacent freshwater lakes (i.e., Tangxun Lake, Yezhi Lake and Nan Lake) during the alternation of seasons. Nan Lake had the best water quality among the three lakes as reflected by the bacterial eutrophic index (BEI), bacterial indicator (Luteolibacter) and functional prediction analysis. It was found that Alphaproteobacteria had the lowest abundance in summer and the highest abundance in winter. Bacteroidetes had the lowest abundance in winter, while Planctomycetes had the highest abundance in summer. N/P ratio appeared to have some relationships with eutrophication. Tangxun Lake and Nan Lake with higher average N/P ratios (e.g., N/P = 20) tended to have a higher BEI in summer at a water temperature of 27 °C, while Yezhi Lake with a relatively lower average N/P ratio (e.g., N/P = 14) tended to have a higher BEI in spring and autumn at a water temperature of 9–20 °C. BEI and water temperature were identified as the key parameters in determining the bacterial communities of lake water. Phosphorus seemed to have slightly more impact on the bacterial communities than nitrogen. It is expected that this study will help to gain more knowledge on urban lake eutrophication.
Highlights
Urban lakes play an irreplaceable role in regional environments for humanity and nature [1]
The average trophic state index (TSI) values for Tangxun Lake, Nan Lake and Yezhi Lake were calculated to be 86, 77 and 74, respectively, which further indicated that Tangxun Lake had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus contents
The average N/P ratios for Tangxun Lake, Yezhi Lake and Nan Lake were 20.80, 13.57 and 20.24, respectively, suggesting that Yezhi Lake was rather different from Tangxun Lake and Nan Lake with a relatively lower N/P ratio
Summary
Urban lakes play an irreplaceable role in regional environments for humanity and nature [1]. Urban lakes can maintain biodiversity, adjust the temperature, balance the water in the air and soil, increasing air humidity and alleviating storm flooding [2]. Urban lakes can be deemed a kind of scenery of the city. With the human activity of urban development, the detrimental effect on urban lake environment has become increasingly prominent [3]. The deterioration of the lake environment is usually associated with the eutrophication [4], which is mainly caused by the excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus [5] from the discharge of domestic wastewater in cities [6]. Knowing the water quality of urban lakes is favorable to prevent eutrophication
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