Abstract
Quantitative assessment for sustainable watershed management is essential. Hydrological parameters such as stream discharge, surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater recharge, and water quality are susceptible to the changes of the components in the river basin ecosystem. Numerous studies have shown that the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes such as deforestation, extensive agriculture, urbanization, and mining are recognized as the main factors to changes in LULC, which are related to the changes of the hydrological components of the river basin of all scale. This paper particularly shows the spatiotemporal variability of LULC in the Upper Brantas Basin and the effects on the river discharge variation. We showed that the changes in LULC, particularly cultivated and managed vegetation and urban/built-up area, contributed significantly to the river discharge. Particularly in the Upper Brantas Basin, it was indicated that almost half of the increased river discharge was explained by the increase of urban/built-up and the decrease in cultivated and managed vegetation area.
Highlights
Water resources condition determines human wellbeing, which leads to the production activities and economic development [1]
Numerous studies have shown that the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes such as deforestation, extensive agriculture, urbanization, and mining are recognized as the main factors to changes in LULC, which are related to the changes of the hydrological components of the river basin of all scale
This paper shows the spatiotemporal variability of LULC in the Upper Brantas Basin and the effects on the river discharge variation
Summary
Water resources condition determines human wellbeing, which leads to the production activities and economic development [1]. Sustainable water resources management can be reflected in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes. LULC changes are the major determining factor that impacted the ecosystem. These changes have significant effects on climate, hydrology, and biodiversity [3]. Anthropogenic activities had affected the modification of 39 and 50% of the terrestrial ecosystem [4]. Anthropogenic-led LULC changes mainly result from agricultural land conversion, population expansion, and socio-economic development [5]. Monitoring and examining the LULC changes and feedback are essential for engineers, hydrologists, ecologists, and water resources managers
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