Seasonal impact on the prevalence of coccidian infection in broiler chicks across poultry farms in the Kashmir valley.

Abstract

The information on the epidemiology and control of coccidian parasites of broilers in Kashmir valley is based on the reports available from other regions of the world. With this background, the present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal prevalence of the disease in the temperate agro-climatic conditions of Kashmir valley. A standard protocol for sampling was followed according to which five birds per 10,000 is sufficient to diagnose coccidiosis. Microscopic examination (under 10× and 40× objective lens) was used to reveal the presence of coccidial oocysts. Different species of genus Eimeria were identified on the basis of their predilection site, morphology and size. Coccidiosis was most prevalent in autumn 45.12±2.55 (September 47.5%, October 42.42% and November 45.46%) followed by summer 30.84±6.86, spring 23.81±2.81 and winter 20.29±6.40. In summer, prevalence of disease was low but afterwards prevalence of disease rose up from August to October. In spite of high relative humidity in winter, disease showed low prevalence rate. Over all prevalence for the whole year was 29.87%. Among species Eimeria tenella was the most dominant parasite showing highest prevalence of 18.13%. Variation in incidence of coccidiosis with respect to seasons showed a strong correlation and data was found to be statistically significant with P<0.05. The results obtained would be quite useful to devise appropriate and effective control strategies and prophylactic programs for coccidiosis in poultry unique to this climatic zone and other parts of the world with similar climatic and poultry production systems.