Abstract
This paper presents results obtained from seasonal evaluation of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and exhaust air heat pump (EAHP) systems used for heating and ventilation of a school building. A Matlab simulation program was developed with models of the following elements: the building thermal performance, central heating and ventilation installations, the ground source heat pump with the ground source heat exchanger and exhaust air heat pumps in air handling units. The system based exclusively on the GSHP attaining all heating needs of the central heating and ventilation installations was compared with the combined system of the GSHP and the EAHP. The analysis was based on hourly calculations of all energy capacities and COPs as well as seasonal performance factors. In addition, the energy ratings in terms of seasonal usage of delivered, renewable, auxiliary and primary energy were performed. Those energy ratings enabled the estimation of seasonal CO2 emissions in all analysed systems. The combined application of the GSHP and the EAHP in the building gave the lowest values of primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions among all considered systems.
Highlights
The main objective of reducing energy costs in heating, ventilation and air conditioning installations can be achieved by the application of energy efficient heat pumps that exclusively cover all of the heating needs of the building
The presented study has focused on assessing an optimal arrangement of heat pumps that could cover all central heating and ventilation needs of a school building
The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system assisting central heating and ventilation installations has been compared in terms of seasonal performance with the combined system of the GSHP and the exhaust air heat pump (EAHP)
Summary
The main objective of reducing energy costs in heating, ventilation and air conditioning installations can be achieved by the application of energy efficient heat pumps that exclusively cover all of the heating needs of the building. The GSHP system is considered to be an energy efficient alternative to conventional methods of heating and cooling buildings that is illustrated in literature [1–3]. Most applications of ground source heat pumps have been realized in small residential buildings. A number of theoretical and experimental studies of those GSHP system applications are well documented in literature [6–8]. One can observe that the technical, economic and ecological characteristics of those small installations are not always well applied to medium and large buildings, for example, school buildings. Some distinguished examples of large GSHP systems can be found in the following publications [9–11]
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