Seasonal dynamics and yearly change in the abundance of metacercariae of Parabucephalopsis parasiluri (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) in the second intermediate host in the Uji–Yodo River, central Japan

Abstract

An introduced pathogenic fish trematode, Parabucephalopsis parasiluri Wang, 1985 (Digenea: Bucephalidae), was studied to determine the seasonal fluctuation in its metacercariae abundance. The timing of the recruitment period of the metacercariae and the relationship between yearly fluctuation in metacercarial abundance and some environmental factors were also examined to develop an effective plan for disease control. Monthly changes in metacercarial abundance in the caudal fin of pale chub (Zacco platypus) and of the prevalence of the first intermediate host (golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei) suggest that P. parasiluri generally has an annual life cycle. The metacercarial abundance in chub increased when the water temperature fell below 7°C in winter, but the rapidity of the increase varied between 2007 and 2008. The fluctuations in the abundance of metacercariae in winter from 2001 to 2008 showed that mean flow rate and mean water level in January were negatively related to the infection level each year, and positively related to the mean water temperature. Based on these results, we propose a control plan for parabucephalopsiosis involving discharge control; that is, more than 50 m3/s (corresponding to 150 m3/s in the Yodo River) of water should be flushed from upstream dams for a period of at least one week starting on the day when the water temperature falls below 7°C.