Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiotic association between plants and Glomeromycota fungi, that brings nutritional-derived benefits for phytobiont. Influence of plant breeding on arbuscular mycorrhiza susceptibility is a topic of current interest that can have many practical implications. Insights into whether new cultivars have a lower mycorrhizal potential, are critical for optimization of AM use. Aim of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of AM colonization across a phenophase gradient in two Iris sibirica genotypes: one displaying the wild traits versus a modern reblooming cultivar with double flowers. Analysis showed that both Iris sibirica genotypes developed Paris-morphotype. Results indicated that on average the genotype with simple flowers had a higher AM colonization frequency (84.44±2.15) compared to the new cultivar with double flowers (52.22±6.09). Significant influence was exercised both by genotype (p<0.001) as well as by phenophase (p=0.0013), over colonization frequency. The genotypes displayed contrasting colonization dynamics: highest AM frequency level occurred in spring for the genotype with simple flowers, and in autumn for the one with double flowers. Results suggest that host metabolic state has regulating role over functionality of established AM-symbiotic association according to plant nutritional requirements, while fungi might also respond to increased or decreased carbon flux in the plant, associated with geophyte phenology.
Highlights
IntroductionIt thrives in moist soil and tolerates a mildly acidic to alkaline substrate, growing both under semi-shade as well as in full sun conditions
Iris sibirica L. is a perennial herbaceous plant with rhizomes, native to Eurasia
Phenological stages of Iris sibirica were: the start of shoots emergence in April, flowering in May and lasting until early summer only for the cultivar with double flowers, summer resting between June to August for both, fruit formation over the summer months only for the genotype with simple flowers, growth occurring again in September for both genotypes, leaf senescence and dormancy onset in October, dormancy from November until March
Summary
It thrives in moist soil and tolerates a mildly acidic to alkaline substrate, growing both under semi-shade as well as in full sun conditions It is considered one of the finest ornamentals for herbaceous border as well as margins of streams, ponds, and lakes (Grey-Wilson, 1997). Iris sibirica leaves and rhizomes have medicinal properties (Kovalev et al, 2017) while flowers are a source of natural dyes (Kaššák and Kuli, 2014). These plants present phytoremediation capacity for heavy metals (Wang et al, 2018), excess of nutrients (Yang et al, 2017) and some pharmaceutical pollutants (Tejeda and Zurita, 2020)
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