Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia is a significant pollutant throughout the year, necessitating standardized measurement and identification of emission factors. We performed a quantized evaluation of ammonia concentrations at various locations in and around Seoul, South Korea. The established testing methods of the Radiello Passive Sampler were used for ammonia sampling, and the method was validated using annular denuder sampling. Urban and suburban areas were studied to gain a deeper understanding of the factors responsible for ammonia pollution. This study aimed to establish the fluctuations in concentration over one year, by analyzing the seasonal and regional variation in ammonia concentration. Livestock and agricultural areas recorded the highest concentration of ammonia among all sites, with the highest concentration recorded in autumn. However, at most of the other studied sites, the highest and lowest ammonia concentrations were recorded during summer and winter, respectively. This study attempted to establish a correlation between ammonia concentration and temperature, as well as ammonia concentration and altitude.
Highlights
Ammonia is an important constituent of trace particles in the atmosphere, and forms aerosols during reactions with pollutants such as sulfuric and nitric acid [1]
We studied the variation in ammonia concentration with region, season, temperature, distance, and altitude in several locations across the northeastern regions of South Korea from 2020 to 2021
Atmospheric ammonia concentrations are largely associated with ammonia emissions from local regions [57]
Summary
Ammonia is an important constituent of trace particles in the atmosphere, and forms aerosols during reactions with pollutants such as sulfuric and nitric acid [1]. It is a colorless alkaline chemical compound and has a pungent smell [2]. Ammonia exists in a gaseous state under atmospheric conditions and can be liquefied at 25 ◦C and 8–10 atm. It typically has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 1 day, with a concentration range in the troposphere of less than 1 part per billion volume (ppbv) to several parts per million volume (ppmv) [4]. Owing to the influence of ammonia on various atmospheric phenomena, quantifying emissions is necessary to study its effect on climate change and living beings
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