Abstract
In order to break away from the frequent subjective nature of assessing potential environmental impacts and alternative scenarios when undertaking new developments a structured scientific approach was adopted in the present analysis. An assessment of the proposed upgrading of a 31-km stretch of road between Leeudril and Kij-Kij waterholes on the dry Nossob River in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) was undertaken. Relocation of the existing road was proposed as an alternative to upgrading the road as the potential and future impacts on the riverbed ecosystem could be reduced. A systematic assessment of biophysical variables within the riverbed habitat was made. A multivariate clustering analysis revealed a high level of congruency with a purely subjective assessment that potentially supports an “apples and oranges” comparison of such approaches in environmental assessments. Furthermore, the present and potential environmental impacts of each of the various upgrading options were compared. Significant environmental impacts were envisaged when considering surface and ground water hydrology, flora and the sensitive nature of the landscape. Given the requirements of the park in terms of providing a tourism product the preferred action in terms of upgrading the road would require a compromise between ecological and aesthetic requirements in order to provide reasonable tourism opportunities. The scientific approach adopted in the current analysis appears to offer a more defendable result upon which management decisions can be based compared to purely subjective assessments but is not without limitations.
Highlights
Roads affect ecosystems, biological communities and species in numerous and different ways, determined largely by their location, density, and distribution across the landscape (Hourdequin 2000)
In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) where most of the tourist road network is constructed in the dry riverbeds of the Nossob and Auob, the impact of the roads are likely to be limited to a number of the above categories, the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding ecosystems, and to a lesser extent on the mortality of animals and the modification of animal behaviour
The dry riverbed systems of the KTP may be no different to these systems
Summary
Biological communities and species in numerous and different ways, determined largely by their location, density, and distribution across the landscape (Hourdequin 2000). Roads generally have negative effects on the biotic integrity in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and these effects can be classified under seven categories (Trombulak & Frissell 2000): increased mortality from road construction; increased mortality from vehicle collisions; Koedoe 46/1 (2003). In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) where most of the tourist road network is constructed in the dry riverbeds of the Nossob and Auob, the impact of the roads are likely to be limited to a number of the above categories, the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding ecosystems, and to a lesser extent on the mortality of animals ( plant mortality has yet to be quantified) and the modification of animal behaviour (but again where the road is in a vicinity of breeding sites this may create a problem for breeding birds). The dry riverbed systems of the KTP may be no different to these systems
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