Abstract
A search for proton decay into three charged leptons has been performed by using 0.37$\,$Mton$\cdot$years of data collected in Super-Kamiokande. All possible combinations of electrons, muons and their anti-particles consistent with charge conservation were considered as decay modes. No significant excess of events has been found over the background, and lower limits on the proton lifetime divided by the branching ratio have been obtained. The limits range between $9.2\times10^{33}$ to $3.4\times10^{34}$ years at 90$\,$% confidence level, improving by more than an order of magnitude upon limits from previous experiments. A first limit has been set for the $p\rightarrow\mu^-e^+e^+$ mode.
Highlights
The Standard Model of elementary particles describes strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions based on gauge symmetries
A first limit has been set for the p → μ−eþeþ mode
In most Grand unified theories (GUTs), grand unification is predicted typically at 1015–16 GeV which is unreachable by accelerators, whereas the effects of the grand unification might be detected through rare phenomena beyond the Standard Model
Summary
The Standard Model of elementary particles describes strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions based on gauge symmetries. In most GUTs, grand unification is predicted typically at 1015–16 GeV which is unreachable by accelerators, whereas the effects of the grand unification might be detected through rare phenomena beyond the Standard Model The most promising such phenomenon is violation of baryon number, and. The Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment has been leading the search for proton decay and has set the most stringent limits on the lifetime for various channels predicted by GUT models. Are suppressed, different proton decay channels can dominate from higher dimensional operators This can naturally occur when considering lepton flavor symmetries [8]. SK can significantly extend the experimental search of the previous experiments Lifetime limits on these modes theoretically derived from published searches in other channels are reported in Ref. A positive result from our searches would indicate beyond-the-Standard-Model physics at lower energy scales
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