Search for primarily non-interacting decay modes of the upsilon

Abstract

The hadronic transition UPSILON(2S) ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/UPSILON(1S) is utilized to search for the reactions: UPSILON(1S) ..-->.. non-interacting particles and UPSILON(1S) ..-->.. ..gamma.. + non-interacting particles. 44 pb/sup -1/ of UPSILON(2S) data were taken by the Crystal Ball detector at the DORIS II storage ring in order to perform this study. An upper limit of BR(UPSILON ..-->.. Unseen) < 12% (90% C.L.), is obtained via this approach. The second process investigated involved the radiative decay of the Upsilon into non-interacting particles. 57 pb/sup -1/ of UPSILON(2S) data was available for this study. An upper limit on the branching ratio BR(UPSILON ..-->.. ..gamma.. + Unseen) is measured for photon energies in the range 500 MeV < E..gamma.. < M/sub ..gamma..//2. This is the first reported measurement of this type. For the highest energy photons, an upper limit of BR(UPSILON ..-->.. ..gamma.. + Unseen) < 2.3 x 10/sup -3/ (90% C.L.), is obtained. The compact size of the Crystal Ball detector enhances the observable branching ratio for noninteracting particles with short lifetimes such as massive axions. The identification of the recent Darmstadt events with a 1.6 MeV axion is excluded by the present result assuming the minimal Peccei-Quinn model. Limits on the spontaneous supersymmetry breaking mass scale are also derived as a function of gravitino mass.