Search for Outer Massive Bodies around Transiting Planetary Systems: Candidates of Faint Stellar Companions around HAT-P-7

Abstract

We present results of direct imaging observations for HAT-P-7 taken with the Subaru HiCIAO and the Calar Alto AstraLux. Since the close-in transiting planet HAT-P-7b was reported to have a highly tilted orbit, massive bodies such as giant planets, brown dwarfs, and a binary star are expected to exist in the outer region of this system. We show that there are indeed two candidates for distant faint stellar companions around HAT-P-7. We discuss how such companions can play a role on the orbital evolution of HAT-P-7b. We conclude that since there is a third body in the system, as reported by Winn et al. (2009, ApJ, 763, L99), Kozai migration is less likely, while planet–planet scattering is possible.