Search for a small hole in a cavity wall by intermittent bulk and surface diffusion

Abstract

We study the search of a small round hole in the wall of a spherical cavity by a diffusing particle, which can reversibly bind to the cavity wall and diffuse on the surface being in the bound state. There are two channels for the particle first passage to the hole, through the bulk, and through the surface. We propose a coarse-grained model of the search process and use it to derive simple approximate formulas for the mean time required for the particle to reach the hole for the first time and for the probability of the first passage to the hole through the bulk channel. This is done for two distributions of the particle starting point: (1) Uniform distribution over the cavity volume and (2) uniform distribution over the cavity wall. We check the accuracy of the approximate formulas by comparing their predictions with the corresponding quantities found by solving the mixed bulk-surface diffusion problem numerically by the finite difference method. The comparison shows excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical results.