Seamount biodiversity: high variability both within and between seamounts in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica

Malcolm R. Clark,David A. Bowden

doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2327-9

Abstract

Seamounts in the Ross Sea were surveyed during the New Zealand IPY-CAML research voyage in 2008. Admiralty seamount, and seamounts of the Scott Island Seamount chain (Scott Island, Scott A, Scott B, Scott South) were sampled to examine variability in benthic faunal communities of seamounts. Multivariate analysis of video and still image data showed that benthic community composition was highly variable both within and between seamounts. The distribution patterns of benthic communities varied considerably, with very high densities of certain taxa in some places, sparse fauna in many others, and highly patchy distributions for others. Dissimilarities between seamounts were influenced by differences in population densities of taxa, the proportions of transects in which taxa were present, and by taxa being restricted to only one seamount or group of seamounts. Scott Island seamount was less similar to the others, despite the greater distances between Admiralty and Scott A and B seamounts. The observed variability in community composition was mainly associated with differences in depth, chlorophyll concentration, and seabed rugosity. Results support an earlier hypothesis that the location of seamounts relative to the Ross Sea gyre could be an important factor determining the composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate communities.

Highlights

Seamounts are widespread features of the world’s underwater topography and have been thought to play an important role in patterns of marine biogeography, support high biodiversity and host unique biological communities (Rogers, 1994)
MDS ordinations showed that benthic community composition was highly variable both within and between seamounts (Fig. 5)
Bowden et al (2011) noted differences in the topography and benthic communities of Scott Island and Admiralty seamounts and postulated that this could be a consequence of the two seamounts being on opposite sides of the Ross Sea gyre

Summary

Introduction

Seamounts are widespread features of the world’s underwater topography and have been thought to play an important role in patterns of marine biogeography, support high biodiversity and host unique biological communities (Rogers, 1994). Such broad generalisations are no longer widely accepted (Rowden et al, 2010a; Clark et al, 2010b; Kvile et al., 2014), individual seamounts or clusters may have different faunal communities at varying spatial scales, from ocean-basins (Clark et al, 2010a) to adjacent seamounts only a few km apart (Castelin et al, 2010; Schlacher et al, 2014; Boschen et al, 2015). Prominent among these are the Balleny Islands seamounts (e.g. Ellsworth, Soucek and Slava ‘Banks’), the Adare

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Conclusion